5G Massive MIMO Antenna Using a Uniform Linear Array: Design, Propagation Standards, Challenges, and Progress

Sakshi Sharma, Roshan Jain

5G systems; massive MIMO; base station; smartphone; 5G antennas; 5G applications;

Due to the extreme need for bandwidth in the global wireless communication sector, researchers have investigated and studied a wireless access method called massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) (MIMO). Massively multiplexed antenna systems (MIMO) are a crucial enabling technology for the future generation of networks. By combining antennas at the transmitter and receiver, they provide very efficient use of energy and spectrum with extremely simple processing. To successfully implement 5G networks and beyond, it is essential to understand the massive MIMO system and resolve its core problems. Only then can the intelligent sensing system achieve its many potential benefits. With an emphasis on the existing massive MIMO systems, this study thoroughly investigates the essential enabling technologies needed for 5G networks operating at frequencies below 6 GHz. A multiplexed multiple-input multiple-output antenna system's five most crucial components are covered in this article: gain, isolation, ECC, efficiency, and bandwidth. Two separate types of 5G MIMO antennas for large-scale deployment are described in this article. Use of these types is application-specific and occurs in the sub-6 GHz spectrum. The first kind of massive MIMO antennas were created for use in base stations, however 5G base station antennas using the most recent massive MIMO designs have been introduced. The second kind, designed for mobile devices, compiles findings from studies on various tiny antennas that have been suggested and shown to work with huge MIMO systems. Many people think that mMIMO antennas will be suitable for 5G networks because of this.