New Approach to the Dark Energy Problem Solution and Consequences

Branko M. Novakovic

The consequences of non - vacuum solution of the field equations in derivation of the universe motion model are discussed. Thus, the inclusion of the gravitational energy - momentum tensor EMT and the exclusion of the cosmological constant Λ in field equations generates both repulsive and attractive gravitational forces. The repulsive gravitational force has a role of the dark energy source. Regularity condition of the related line element gives the limitations to the gravitational radius r that is greater than GM/2c² and less than infinity. This means that presented solution has no singularity at the minimal radius. The minimal diameter L_min of the universe mass M is equal to 2r_min = GM/c² that corresponds to the Planck’s length L_pl = GM_pl /c², as the minimal diameter of the Planck’s mass M_pl. From the universe velocity equation, we obtain the limitations to the energy conservation constant κ that is greater than zero and less or equal to one. This means that the kinetic energy is less or equal to the potential energy. For that case the spatial curvature of the spaceis greater or equal to zero. In other words, our universe is a flat or a hyper-spherical, because hyperbolic universe is excluded. Further, the zero points of the universe velocity equation determine the minimal gravitational radius at r_min = GM/(1+κ)c² and maximal gravitational radius at r_max = GM/(1-κ)c². Applying radial density ρ_r = M/r to the minimal and maximal gravitational radiuses we obtain the other limitations to the energy conservation constant κ that is greater than zero and less than one. For that case the spatial curvature of the space is greater than zero. This means that our universe is a hyper-spherical because flat and hyperbolic universes are excluded by the mentioned limitations.

https://doi.org/10.31871/IJNTR.5.11.20